January

Having positive cash flow is a must for any business. Get it wrong and you put the existence of the entire organisation in jeopardy. Get it right, however and you open up a wealth of new opportunities for your company from unlocking new business deals to driving incremental revenue streams and fuelling investment.

Often, the blame for poor cash flow is laid firmly at the foot of traditional banks for not agreeing to extra lending rapidly enough. That can be a contributory factor, of course, but the real scourge is not keeping a tight rein on spending and not developing, or sticking to, accurate forecasts.

To ensure their cash flow remains healthy, businesses need a single point of visibility over all the money going in and out of their accounts. Without this, it will be difficult for them to make informed financial decisions or to plan ahead efficiently and effectively. However, enhanced cash flow visibility is not always easy to achieve.

Organisations typically make use of multiple different payment types from credit cards to cheques to bank transfers – and often have no clear overall picture, either at a snapshot level or historically, of all the transactions they are making. Often, they are using outdated methods of dealing with payments, expenses, invoicing and reporting, or, worse still, have no planned approach. All this slows down the ability for the business to react, to access revenues and redistribute in the event of unforeseen circumstances. It also offers little in terms of up-to-date analysis.

This is why integrated payment management or consolidation is critical to businesses that want real time visibility of their expenditure and the kind of insight into cash flow that drives long-term business success.

Empowered to Spend

The concept of integration is a familiar one, of course. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have been around for decades now. ERP, and variations on the theme, is now a ubiquitous technology across large corporate enterprises and increasingly across SMBs also.

Yet at the same time as this enhanced level of control was being exerted on back-end processes, we also witnessed a counter trend where employees were armed with credit cards and cheque books and empowered to make significant business purchases.

This has clearly helped drive operational flexibility and business agility. But more important still, it has driven cash flow which remains key for any business today. So, more businesses will be looking to leverage lines of credit and tap into free funds for a period to help with cash management. This will make it even more vital that businesses have real time insight into all this activity.

The best way to achieve this is through a digital expenses platform and integrated payments tools, both of which should almost by default improve a business’s approach to how it manages cash flow. By having an immediate oversight through live reporting of all spending from business cards and invoice payments, as well as balances and credit limits across departments and individuals, organisations can foresee potential problems more quickly and react accordingly. At Fraedom, we provide this kind of technology to many of our customers across banking and financial services sectors.

Digital trail for reporting

This kind of approach also allows management to categorise spending and quickly see where costs are getting out of control or where they need to put in place cash flow targets to help ensure solvency. Cards can be cancelled or at least suspended quickly and easily, negating the need of having to go through to the issuing bank, while invoices can also be automated to streamline business payments. This enables business to keep hold of money longer and pay creditors faster.

Moreover, digitally transforming business expenses and payments, encompassing everything from receipt capture through to automated payments and invoicing, means there will always be a digital trail that can be collated and reported on quickly and easily. This also means that at any moment in time, management can use fresh data to accurately forecast cash flow, which in turn helps eliminate nasty surprises and should also lead to fewer business failures.

The ongoing digitisation of systems is also likely to result over the long term in greater take-up of emerging trends in artificial intelligence and analytics-driven technologies. In turn, this will help organisations more accurately predict their future spend, thereby giving them early insight into potential upcoming cash flow issues and enabling them to look ahead into what may be happening in the market moving forwards.

It’s another example of how technology can play an important role in helping businesses gain more insight into their cash flow and better manage their cash in general. If they get that right, they are likely to access new investment opportunities; drive competitive edge and survive and thrive both today and long into the future.

by Russell Bennett, chief technology officer, Fraedom

For many years Jeff Bezos’ online shop has had almost every conceivable item in its range.  Now apparently, Amazon wants to expand and offer some kind of current account or bank to its customers.

The offering will be aimed at young people and other consumers who do not currently have their own account. However, according to a report in the Wall Street Journal, the project is still at an early stage.

If true, does the move really have the potential to change the payment area in much the same way as they have in the literary market? What does the project mean for retailers and the payments industry, and where can the growth of Amazon lead to?

Will Amazon now become a bank?

Amazon does not want to become a financial institution in its own right; instead, the project is likely to be undertaken in partnership with established financial service providers. It is understood that US financial giant JPMorgan is currently in discussions with Amazon.

The reason for this approach is likely to be that if Amazon built its own banking division and applied for a banking license, the company would face much stricter regulations that could slow its aggressive growth in other markets. In any case, it is clear that retailers understand the benefits of having a strong payment service provider at their side who brings the necessary expertise and can quickly and easily integrate new payment methods into existing processes and systems.

Is this E-commerce expansion without limits?In the beginning, Amazon mainly sold books; it then offered CDs and DVDs to its customers.   Today, through Prime, customers are able to stream music, video and much more across smart devices.  Thanks to Alexa, its huge selection of online shops can be accessed by voice command and Amazon even wants to take control of the delivery of its packages.  This announcement hit the stock values of UPS and FedEx.  With Amazon Pay, the company has had its own payment service for a while but gained only moderate traction with other online stores. Here, it seems, the giant had reached its limits.  The company recently opened another lucrative online business with its cloud service, Amazon Web Services. The plan to offer bank accounts is just another link in a long chain of new business ideas. The direction of Amazon’s journey is not yet clear but it is likely that CEO Jeff Bezos is intent on continuing growth. Industry experts assume that in the long term, only one in ten online retailers will remain competitive with this current strategy.

How much influence does Amazon have in daily online commerce?Like Apple and Google, Amazon has been accused of being a “data octopus”. Since the introduction of language command assistants, the accusation is more topical than ever.   There is growing scepticism surrounding the opaqueness of what exactly Alexa stores and what happens to the recordings. Connected to a fully networked smart home, the digital ‘roommate’ could know a lot more and potentially share it: What time people get home? When do they turn off the lights? When do they go to bed? Are they looking into the fridge during the night? Worrying about the potential for very personal information being shared is likely to outweigh the positives of Alexa & co for most consumers.

With the new bank account function, Amazon would also have access to the financial data of its customers. Using this new data it would eventually prove very easy to determine a customer’s individual willingness to pay a certain price for a particular product and then offer it at exactly that price. However, we must bear in mind that nobody is forced to shop at Amazon and invite Alexa into their home. In addition, awareness of data protection is increasing amongst both individuals and Governments. In the future, customers will be increasingly concerned about whether they really want to give their personal data in such a concentrated way to a single provider. Payment service providers form an attractive way out, as they, for example, handle the credit card data on behalf of the merchants, sparing them compliance effort.

Final thoughts In the near future we will still buy our bread from the local bakery and it will not get delivered by an Amazon drone. Nevertheless, one thing is certain: retailers are faced with a harsh reality and online shops may soon cease to exist in their current form. Amazon and a comprehensive portfolio of payment methods will be the challenges for today’s online store owners, but with the right technology and consulting partners on their side, nobody has to worry about the future.  SIX has recognized the potential of Amazon and the dangers that can arise for the retail sector, and we are working on a wide range of solutions that should enable the merchant to keep up with Amazon.  Omni-channel, Conversational Commerce and Internet of Things are all geared to the new customer journey consisting of numerous touchpoints and the changing needs and expectations of consumers.

By Roger Niederer, Head Merchant Services at SIX Payment Services

In the midst of complex mergers and acquisitions negotiations, deals more often than not face unexpected developments that can cause significant delays.

Even the most common hurdles – such as misplaced documentation – can have a significant material impact on a business’ speed-to-market and share valuation. This is a key reason why it is time that those involved in M&A negotiations must embrace virtual deal room technologies.

Whether they are buy-side or sell-side, dealmakers need to take a holistic view of every single step of the process, from networking and idea generation, sourcing and marketing, to due diligence and integration planning.

Speed and efficiency through the deal lifecycle

Each of these processes takes up considerable man hours, pressuring M&A professionals amidst a challenging industry backdrop to adopt better, faster tools to ensure speed, efficiency and continuity throughout a deal’s entire lifecycle.

The financial services industry has been rapidly transformed by digitisation in recent years, with the British fintech boom a clear example of how this has impacted the sector. However, while trading floors are now almost entirely driven by algorithms, investment banking has remained wary of adopting these new streamlined, automated digital processes.

The truth is that many people within the investment banking industry simply feel as though it does not lend itself to automation, viewing success as reliant on the strength of personal relationships. The reality, however, is a fear that new processes could end up reducing the number of jobs available.

New tech means better deals and more jobs

Selecting the right technology has the ability to enhance investment bankers’ knowledge and capabilities, allowing them to become more efficient, competitive and therefore attract greater amounts of business.

Virtual deal room technology, to use one prime example, can change the way in which investment bankers go about the M&A process, through provisioning a safe space for parties to manage and store their critical information during negotiations.

Being able to provide this unique tool allows investment bankers to close deals faster rapidly, accelerating speed-to-market and maximising the transaction value for both buyers and sellers, all the while minimising security that can compromise a deal – i.e. information leaks and data hacks.

Easy online networking & speedier information flows

The old world perception of a well-connected investment banker, doing face-to-face deals with his personal network on the golf course or in the private members club is rapidly becoming an outdated myth when it comes to the reality of how the industry works in practice.

Clearly, it is impossible for an M&A professional to know every buyer in the market, which is why fast and efficient online networking is a key way in which they can transform the ways they identify potential buyers out there.

Additionally, there is still far too much of the investment banking workflow that takes place through cumbersome tools like Excel, PowerPoint and email. Such tools slow the deal-making process and, more worryingly, put sensitive data at high risk of unwanted disclosure.

There are a number of ways in which innovative technology can help improve this necessary flow of investment information – I have outlined three of them below:

1. Buyer Identification – Bankers typically spend years building relationships with potential buyers, both financial and strategic. Barring perhaps a handful of industries, it’s impossible for an M&A banker to really know every buyer in the market – especially when the market is now global. Online networking – the world’s biggest Rolodex – can bring the right people together at the right time to expand everyone’s opportunities.
2. Information flow– Much of the investment banking workflow still takes place through Excel, PowerPoint and email. Not only do these tools slow the deal-making process, but they can also put sensitive information at risk of unwanted disclosure. Sending, sharing and storing NDA files or the due diligence Q&A process on a secure electronic platform can massively improve efficiency and security.
3. Artificial Intelligence (AI) – Some banks are beginning to explore whether tasks like modelling can be more effectively handled by AI. Such tools can read, review and analyze vast amounts of information in mere minutes, thereby expediting knowledge-based activities to improve efficiency, accuracy and performance.

The three points above offers a snapshot of the key areas in which the investment banking industry is clearly ripe for technological process improvement.

Adopting these new technologies – particularly for the old-guard who have done the job ‘their own way’ for generations – is certainly going to take the initiative of a few early adopters to show success before the rest of the community crosses the chasm.

The bottom line is this: it’s no longer a matter of if these changes are necessary. It’s merely a matter of how long this digital transformation of the investment banking industry will take, and who will be leading the charge.

By Philip Whitchelo, VP for strategic business development, Intralinks

The beginning of the year is so often the time of fresh starts, new initiatives and renewed hope. But given the seismic challenge global banks face to accurately calculate how much capital is needed to shield themselves from sharp price falls, some could be forgiven for abstaining from any New Year vigour.

From January, banks have been given less than two years to iron out all the operational wrinkles (of which there are many) involved in implementing the market risk and regulatory capital rules known as the Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB). While this may seem like a way off, and while delays might occur, as they often do with regulatory timetables, one look at the scale of the work ahead shortens the timeframe somewhat. From fundamentally reorganising their trading operations to upgrading their technology capabilities and improving procedures – that’s a lot to get done.

No bank wants to start the New Year in 2020 feeling completely overwhelmed, which is why when it comes to FRTB, decisions need to be made on whether to adopt a Standardised Sensitivity-Based Approach (SBA) or Internal Model Approach (IMA). Historically, all firms with trading operations have been required to use their own internal models, due to the fact that the standard approach relied on notional instead of risk sensitivities. The problem is that under FRTB, current internal models won’t be up to scratch when it comes to enforcing the right level of capital to cope with times of stress. And let’s face it, with the geopolitical climate the way it is, trading desks may be in for more than a few bouts of stress throughout 2018.

New management structures

In order to reduce this reliance on internal models, SBA provides a credible alternative for trading desks to operate under a capital regime that is conservative, but not punitive. But those taking the IMA route will need to get approval for individual trading desks, as outlined by the European Banking Authority (EBA) recently. This presents a significant challenge as it places additional responsibility with each desk head for the capital-output, and increases the complexity of bulge bracket institutions running hundreds of trading desks. Each desk will need to put in place a management structure which controls the information driving its internal model, not to mention understand how the output can be used for risk management.

Regardless of the model banks adopt, the standard vs. IMA approach underpinning FRTB brings specific data challenges, both in terms of the volume and granularity of underlying data sets required to run risk and capital calculations, including the model ability of risk factors for IMA. This is why, regardless of the selected approach, the banks that have identified how to get the most out of their internal and external data sets will be best positioned to get their FRTB preparations off to the best possible start.

By Neil Vanlint, Goldensource

It may be hard to believe, but the 20^th January this year marked one year since Donald Trump’s inauguration. Away from all the media furore surrounding his Presidency to date, one of his less well-publicised reforms to the US tax code is perhaps best summed up by one of his political predecessors.

“You may delay but time will not” – the words of none other than Benjamin Franklin perfectly explain the situation surrounding one particular tax reform currently under review – 871(m). This very specific, not to mention very complicated rule, is a tax on the value of dividends a financial institution receives on a U.S. equity derivatives position.

There is a need for banks to comply with the first part of 871(m) in the here and now, particularly given that there is absolutely no indication that the 871(m) legislation will be dropped. While many banks may be inclined to wait until the outcome of the review, this mentality will only open up a whole world of problems further down the line and is preventing operational teams strategically addressing pressing tax and compliance issues today.

Where it starts to get tricky

The current rule establishes up to a 30% withholding tax on foreign investors on dividend-equivalent payments under equity derivatives, covering a number of product types including swaps, options, futures, MLPs, Structured Notes and convertible debt. And this is where things start to get tricky. A firm’s equity-linked derivative instruments will face a tax withholding if the ratio of change to the fair market value is .08, as of Jan 2019, currently, this is Delta 1, or greater to the corresponding change in the price of its derivative. Banks have no choice but to enhance their systems and processes in order to monitor which equity derivatives underlying constituents fall under 871(m) and know exactly when to calculate and enforce withholding on dividend equivalents.

In order to do this, a careful assessment of intricate calculations based on a set of highly convoluted rules and scenarios needs to be carried out, for example, required Combination Rule logic. In order to do this, firms need to pull together vast amounts of data, ranging from relevant trades (positions alone are insufficient for combination rule tracking), as well as Deltas and Dividends across many instrument types. This would not be so problematic if it was the only issue banks had to contend with. However, with so many other IT initiatives for other Tax and Regulatory mandatory projects also in the works, 871(m) is by no means the only significant compliance requirement on a financial institution’s plate right now.

Ever-changing global tax reforms

Different, albeit similar, challenges also arise from other transaction tax legislation. With this in mind, firms should ensure they minimise multiple interface creation and support costs that result from linking to separate systems managing individual tax rules. Instead, firms should look to feed into a single Transaction Tax system that it is flexible enough to support ever-changing global tax reforms down the line.

It is important to address the 871(m) conundrum now to get ahead of the game. It is not the first, and certainly won’t be the last, transaction tax headache banks are having to overcome under this particular presidential regime. After all, we are in the midst of perhaps the biggest ever shake-up of the US tax code, so who knows what is in store for financial institutions at the end of Trump’s first term.

By Daniel Carpenter, head of regulation at Meritsoft

This is the first in a series of articles on this topic. This article first appeared in the IBSi FinTech Journal February 2018.

Visa has announced that Revolut is issuing Visa cards to all new customers signing up to its standard prepaid offering. Visa and Revolut have provided contactless Revolut Visa prepaid cards to all 59 Team-GB athletes travelling to PyeongChang as well as the wider Team GB delegation accompanying them.

The card will allow the athletes and staff to complete seamless and secure payments with a simple tap at any contactless-enabled terminal in South Korea and across all the Games venues free of foreign exchange fees.

Suzy Brown, Marketing Director UK & Ireland at Visa, said: “Our exciting relationship with Revolut comes at a time when Visa is making great strides in delivering the next wave of payments innovations for consumers and businesses. It is appropriate then that we have been able to use this partnership to put a Revolut Visa card in the hands of every Team GB athlete and staff member. Visa is accepted in over 46 million merchant locations* worldwide, so the team’s Revolut Visa cards will allow them to make purchases both conveniently and securely when they are in PyeongChang, giving them one less thing to worry about as they aim to do the country proud.”

Launched in July 2015, Revolut now has over one million customers in 30 European countries.

A common goal

“We’re extremely proud to partner with Visa, not least because we share a common goal to use our innovation and technology capabilities to provide a seamless experience for our customers and clients,” said Nikolay Storonsky, Founder and CEO of Revolut. What’s more, with over a million people already signed up to Revolut, we’re very excited that more cardholders will benefit from the control and flexibility we provide.”

Team Visa athletes Elise Christie was among those from Team GB who received the contactless Revolut Visa prepaid cards ahead of travelling to South Korea.

Short-track speed-skater and Team Visa athlete Elise Christie said: “As a professional athlete, I am constantly travelling around the world and it’s easy to take for granted some of the things I have at home. At least while I am in South Korea I can rest assured that I’ll be able to tap to pay with confidence with my Revolut Visa prepaid card, just as I would do when I’m in the UK.”

In addition to providing contactless Revolut Visa prepaid cards to Team GB and as the exclusive payment partner of the Olympic Games, Visa is facilitating and managing the entire payment system infrastructure and network throughout all venues within the Games. This includes more than 1,000 contactless point-of-sale terminals capable of accepting mobile and wearable payments.

* Data provided to Visa by acquiring financial institutions and other third parties.

Last week a technological glitch at the Bank of England led to delays on transactions across the whole of the UK, illustrating how technology related glitches are still very much a thing of the present. This type of issue is nothing new, and has been known to have monumental consequences in other scenarios. For example, in 2012 it took just 30 minutes for Knight Capital to lose $440 million because of glitches in newly deployed code. The incident became the infamous poster child of the perilous reputational consequences of poorly monitored trading infrastructure. The recent BofE problem, although thankfully limited to some panic around the whereabouts of a much needed January pay check, does highlight that the financial services industry still needs to prioritise creating safeguards to monitor and anticipate problems in complex IT systems.

So how can the various stakeholders in electronic trading become more proactive in minimising technological risk and protect their reputation? Part of the answer lies in better real-time monitoring.

Reputation is intangible.  A reputation can be tarnished when a bank fails to meet its expected obligations to its stakeholders: its customers, the regulatory and the public at large. On an executive level, acts that sabotage reputation include financial mismanagement and breaching codes of governance. On a lower level, poor customer service and inappropriate behaviour may pose a risk.

However, these are largely reputational risks stemming from human error or misconduct. But in an increasingly automated environment, technology is also a key driver of reputational losses. The high-octane world of financial trading is a prime example of technology’s paradoxical effects.  On the one hand, algorithms and machines can eliminate labour and make processes, such as executing trading strategies both faster and more efficient. On the other hand, when things go wrong, they go wrong in catastrophic proportions.

While the electronification of trading has created a more robust audit trail than ever before, banks’ inability to keep up with and process this information often leads to disasters.

Investment banks

Investment banks provide execution services to traders including algorithmic trading, order routing and direct market across different venues as well as, sometimes,  in-house (such as a dark pool).  The complexity of a bank’s IT operations – a myriad of numerous applications, servers and users – poses a monitoring challenge.  In addition, banks also have increasing regulatory obligations, with a growing pressure to stamp out illegal or abnormal activity and to provide more granular reporting.

In 2013, the EU imposed a $2.3 billion fine on 6 global banking giants for rigging the Libor rates.  In most of these cases, an adequate real-time trade surveillance system would have provided early notifications of illegal activities and could have minimised damage.  By analysing a combination of network data flowing through multiple systems and real-time log data from applications, banks have complete real-time visibility of trading activities.  This data can be visualised or stored for compliance purposes. By having a single pane of glass across different systems, banks can bring illegal activity out of the shadows more quickly and into the hands of compliance professionals, and not the newspaper headlines. Furthermore, they can mine this data for market intelligence on how and what their clients are trading, and use these insights to drive their strategies to achieve, and maintain, competitive edge

Exchanges

Similar to large investment banks, global stock exchanges have a highly-distributed trading and market data infrastructure. With increasing trading volumes and high-speed trading, exchanges are under pressure to optimise operational performance and to meet customer and regulatory expectations.

Exchanges must offer rapid access to liquidity and process millions of trades per second at up-to-date prices.  In order to maintain this, they must monitor their complex infrastructure in real time and correlate all order events as they encounter gateways, middleware matching engines and market data streams.  Tracking trades requires pulling information from different sources across the trading infrastructure and using high-performance analytics to calculate latencies between the various checkpoints in the lifecycle of each trade. This information can further be sliced and diced to see how execution performance varies across different times of the day, different clients and different symbols.

Poor performance with stock exchanges trickles down to the rest of the financial system, including the broker-dealers, market-makers and the end-investors.  Equally, the effects of having good technology will be felt and recognised by the wider financial community.

To a certain degree, fines, losses, and reputational damage are unavoidable and unexpected.  Firms need to act quickly to remedy and minimise damage when catastrophes occur. However, prevention is always better than cure and this is where technology comes in.  Better technology leads to better decision-making and minimising avoidable errors. It not only mitigates risk but is also a competitive advantage, giving financial institutions better visibility into what is going on in their business and how to use it to their gain.

Jay Patani

Tech Evangelist,  ITRS

If there’s one positive thing about social media, it’s that it’s keeping everyone on their toes – especially service providers. Woe to the retailer, airline, bank, etc. that can’t keep its operations running so that they are available when and how users want them, 24/7, regardless of volume, transaction level, network congestion, or any other factor.

And the users are often merciless; just ask the folks in the IT department at banks like Natwest, Lloyds Bank, HSBC, Nationwide UK, or any of the other banks that experienced temporary service outages in December alone. Angry customers who couldn’t access their accounts, move their money, pay bills, or otherwise access banking services angrily vented their frustrations, using language that would make even sailors, in an ongoing barrage of rants against the institutions.

Ask any IT person whose managers are breathing down his or her neck for answers: It’s not an experience one would want to repeat. In fact, IT personnel likely resent being the ones left holding the bag when there is an outage; they may have recommended more advanced monitoring systems that management baulked at paying for, for example. They’re forced to make do with what they have – and what they have may not be up to the task at hand, ensuring service stability and presence during times of network stress, due to extra volume, network congestion, etc.

On the other hand, you can’t blame management for baulking at investing in the latest and greatest system that might solve outage issues, as opposed to systems that definitely will solve them. Vendors wax eloquently about how their solution is the solution to, for example, cybersecurity issues, but despite the money, companies throw at these solutions, hacking is as bad as ever. You can’t blame the C-suite folks from being sceptical when it comes to outage solutions, as well.

While IT departments might dither on cybersecurity solutions, the answer to their outage issues is already at hand – in their often overlooked but always important log files. These files provide a wealth of information about everything that goes on in an organization. Data from infrastructure, applications, security and IoT areas can provide insight into CRM, marketing, ERP and other initiatives for the business – as well as provide insights into why outages occur, and what to do about them.

But parsing through log files searching for actionable insights is a difficult job – too difficult for human beings. What’s needed is a machine learning, artificial intelligence-powered log analysis system – a system that enables its users to parse through unstructured data in order to develop actionable insights. Such systems allow users to define what they are looking for with a data structure, and feature an analytics system smart, fast, and robust enough to parse through thousands, if not millions of files and data streams.

It makes sense. Just think about the installation of a new piece of network software: How many DLL’s get written, how many dependencies are created, how many config files are adjusted? Too many to count, that’s for sure – and go figure out where all those changes were made. Yet one small “adjustment” in a config file could be enough to halt network traffic for hours. With AI-based log file analysis, however, it would be possible to prevent such outages; as soon as an unwelcome change is made, the system could alert IT managers and provide them with the exact information they need to resolve the issue.

And that AI-powered system could be used to analyze log files for many other purposes – providing organizations with insights about customer behaviour, expenses, better ways to do marketing – the list is endless. What’s needed is not a “new” system that will promise to solve a problem, like outages – but one like AI-powered log analysis, that will unlock the data companies already have.

India’s emergence as a digital payment powerhouse is an unlikely story. Until recently, cash accounted for 95% of transactions, 85% of workers were paid in cash, and 70% of online shoppers chose ‘cash on delivery’ as their preferred payment option.¹ Yet, the Indian mobile wallet market is set to grow by 150% over the next five years, with transactions totalling $4.4 billion.²

Even though its circumstances are unique, the regulatory, technological and commercial drivers of India’s digital payment revolution reveal important lessons for the delivery of compelling mobile wallet platforms around the world.

Pulling the trigger

The main driver of the mobile wallet market in India to date has undoubtedly been demonetisation. In November 2016, a national banknote demonetisation removed 500 and 1,000-rupee notes from circulation, overnight.

This accounted for 86% of all currency in India. Demonetisation has historically been the last desperate roll of the dice for failing economies battling hyperinflation or crippling public debt. This was different. The government aimed to use demonetisation as a proactive tool to promote digital payments, foster financial inclusion and promote transparency.

Whether demonetisation has been a success is the subject of an intense political debate that shows no sign of abating. Indeed, it may be many years until the impact of demonetisation is fully understood. What is clear, however, is that it has given a massive shot in the arm to Indian mobile wallet providers. For example, Paytm doubled its user base in a year, increasing from 140 million in October 2016 to 270 million in November 2017. 500 million users by 2020 is the next target.³

For banks, service providers, regulators and governments across the globe looking for ways to encourage mass adoption of digital payments, demonetisation clearly shows that directly disincentivising cash-use is effective. Whether the ends of demonetisation justify the means, however, is open for debate.

More broadly, we can also see the transformative impact of regulation. Although demonetisation is an extreme example, there are parallels between other markets. Consider PSD2 in Europe. Banks have an opportunity to capitalise on potential changes in consumer behaviour to drive adoption of new digital services, particularly in consistently conservative markets where uptake of digital payments has been modest.

Breaking down the barriers

Due to its proven ability to dramatically simplify the know your customer (KYC) process, Aadhaar (possibly the world’s biggest biometric database) has also played a critical role in supporting the development of the mobile wallet ecosystem in India.

KYC has traditionally been a face-to-face, in-branch process. In addition, KYC usually requires extensive documentation, such as full address histories and utility bills. In countries with isolated, rural communities like India, the rigours of the KYC process have prevented access to financial services and have contributed to a significant ‘unbanked’ population.

Biometric verification technologies are recognised as key to making the KYC process faster, easier and more inclusive, as they remove the requirement to present extensive documentation. Aadhaar is a perfect case in point. To date, 270 million bank accounts have been opened using only an Aadhaar ID and a fingerprint.⁴ Subsequently, the number of users able to access mobile wallet platforms has increased accordingly.

Financial exclusion, however, is a worldwide issue. Mobile wallet platforms should not just be the preserve of young, urban professionals. Asbanks increasingly move toward a fully mobile and digitised service experience, simplifying the KYC process with biometrics has the potential to enable wider access to innovative financial technologies.

Moving beyond ‘just payments’ 

The importance of value-added services (VAS) in driving sustained usage of mobile payment platforms is well-recognised across the industry. Beyond convenience, users need a compelling reason to use mobile wallets on a regular basis.

The continued growth of the Indian mobile wallet market demonstrates the power of VAS. Wallet platforms can be used to recharge mobile phone credit, secure loans, pay utility bills, book a holiday, buy entertainment tickets, travel on the metro, and even trade gold.

To improve the value proposition of a mobile wallet offering, banks should look to replicate the approach of delivering a comprehensive range of financial and product services within a single digital interface. Banks can leverage regulation such as PSD2 to partner with quality third-party providers, combining the products and services that consumers want and need. It is imperative banks recognise this opportunity and ­­seize the day.

The importance of collaboration

Overall, the rapid development of the Indian mobile wallet market demonstrates the importance of reactivity and adaptability. Huge opportunities await those who can successfully navigate the transformative impact of regulation, emerging technologies and shifting consumer expectations. For this reason, the ability to collaborate and learn lessons from players across the world remains as important as ever.

By Elina Mattila, Executive Director, Mobey Forum

^[1]https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2016/12/14/inside-indias-cashless-revolution/

²https://www.mobilepaymentstoday.com/news/report-india-mobile-wallet-market-on-the-rise/

³https://www.emarketer.com/content/five-trends-that-shaped-india-s-financial-sector-in-2017

⁴https://www.bobsguide.com/guide/news/2017/Jan/30/indias-cash-crisis-is-a-short-term-pain-for-a-long-term-gain-interview-with-amit-dua-executive-vp-of-suntec/

The concept of Cloud is now firmly established among corporate decision-makers. But, rewind ten years, and the mere mention of Cloud would have been met with a furrowed brow. Times have changed, and for many, the adoption process went from never, to maybe, too – we need it now.

This main catalyst is that today’s world needs a new approach. For companies trading in complex markets like commodities, price fluctuations, increasing regulation and geopolitical uncertainty are the new normal. Add in increasing operational intricacy and an explosion in structured and unstructured data volumes, and it’s clear that a technology that enables precise risk management, scalability and data-enriched transparency is a must.

For firms exposed to these markets, the possibility of Cloud has largely been dictated by the availability – or, until now, the unavailability – of solutions that offer the rich functionality they need.